Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, hormônios e exercício físico: uma abordagem fisiológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v16i5.2091Resumo
Postula-se que a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA), reconhecida como a principal causa das patologias hepáticas crônicas em adultos e crianças e que engloba um espectro de lesões hepáticas (com ou sem fibrose) como a esteatose, a esteato-hepatite (EHNA), a cirrose e o carcinoma hepatocelular, apresente vasta relação com diversas alterações do metabolismo hepático e, em adição, com os mais frequentes fatores de risco associados a esta patologia, como a obesidade, a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a dislipidemia. É importante ressaltar que muitas destas alterações metabólicas são gerenciadas por ações inadequadas de diversos hormônios, como insulina, adiponectina, leptina, glucagon, peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon ou Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), grelina, irisina, hormônio de crescimento ou Growth Hormone (GH) e de Fator de Crescimento semelhante í Insulina ou Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), entre outros. No entanto, a literatura é consistente em apontar o exercício físico agudo e crônico (moderado e intenso, de força e resistência muscular, resistidos e não resistidos, com predomínio do metabolismo aeróbio e com alta participação do metabolismo anaeróbio, entre outros aspectos) como uma potente estratégia não farmacológica no combate a estes fatores de riscos associados, como também na regulação das ações hormonais associadas, sugerindo uma investigação mais aprofundada da relação direta entre DHGNA e exercício físico. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta revisão foi discorrer sobre os aspectos fisiopatológicos e as possíveis adaptações que a prática do exercício físico pode promover nos portadores de DHGNA, enfatizando o papel do controle endócrino.
Palavras-chave: treinamento de força, treinamento de moderada e alta intensidade, fígado gorduroso.
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