Effect of two types of cross training protocols on body composition and physical fitness of young adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v19i5.3264Keywords:
exercise; anthropometry; resistance trainingAbstract
Introduction: Modifications in body composition parameters are considered health risk factors. Thus, exercise programs such as Cross Training emerge as an alternative to reduce health risk factors, especially the body composition of practitioners. Aim: To compare the adaptations from 10 weeks of Cross Training performed in a grouped and alternated manner on body composition and physical fitness of active young people. Methods: Sixty adults underwent ten weeks of two Cross Training programs, organized in grouped circuit (CTG: n = 26; age 26,00 ± 7,00 y; body mass 67,90 ± 10,90 kg; BMI 24,30 ± 3,10 kg/m2) and alternated (CTA: n = 29; age 27,00 ± 8,00 y; body mass 69,00 ± 10,50 kg; BMI 25,00 ± 3,60). Before and after the intervention period, the subjects were evaluated on body composition and physical fitness parameters. Body and adipose mass were evaluated by bioelectrical analyzer (bioimpedance). Verification of physical fitness was performed using isometric deadlift, handgrip test and yoyo intermittent recovery test-IR2. Analysis of variance (2x2 ANOVA) with repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare means and detect differences between protocols, adopting p ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance. Percentage change and effect size were also calculated for each dependent variable. Results: After the intervention period both training protocols presented statistically significant difference in relation to time in body composition parameters (muscle mass: p ≤ 0,001 and fat mass: p ≤ 0,001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p ≤ 0,01). Regarding the maximum isometric force, the CTG showed a significant difference when compared to the initial moment (Handgrip: p = 0,02; Deadlift: p = 0,03), a fact observed in the CTA group deadlift (p = 0,05) only, (Handgrip: p = 0,08). When confronted with each other, the groups showed no statistically significant difference in any comparison. Conclusion: Both training protocols were effective for improving body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in young adults.
References
González K, Fuentes J, Márquez JL. Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and chronic diseases. Korean J Fam Med 2017;38(3):111. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.3.111
Roshanravan B, Gamboa J, Wilund K. Exercise and CKD: Skeletal muscle dysfunction and practical application of exercise to prevent and treat physical impairments in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2017;69(6):837-52. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.01.051
Hauser C, Benetti M, Rebelo FP V. Estratégias para o emagrecimento. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2004;6(1):72–81.
Hunter G, Fisher G, Neumeier W, Carter S, Plaisance E. Exercise training and energy expenditure following weight loss. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017;47(9):1032-57. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000622
Thompson W. Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2019. Acsms Heal Fit J 2018;22(6):10-7. doi: 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000438
Silva-Grigoletto ME, Brito CJ, Heredia JR. Treinamento funcional: Funcional para que e para quem? Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2014;16(6):714-9. doi: 10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16n6p714
Santos M, Vera-Garcia F, Silva Chaves L, Brandão LH, Silva DR, Silva-Grigoletto M. Are core exercises important to functional training protocols? Rev Andaluza Med del Deport 2018;11(4):237-44. doi: 10.33155/j.ramd.2018.02.002
Evangelista AL, La Scala Teixeira C, Machado AF, Pereira PE, Rica RL, Bocalini DS. Effects of a short-term of whole-body, high-intensity, intermittent training program on morphofunctional parameters. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.01.013
Toraman N, Erman A, Agyar E. Effects of multicomponent training on functional fitness in older adults. J Hum Kinet 2004;12(1):538-53. doi: 10.1123/japa.12.4.538
Fonseca FR, Karloh M, Araujo SLP, Reis CM, Mayer A. Validação de um sistema de análise de impedância bioelétrica para a avaliação da composição corporal de pacientes com DPOC. J Bras Pneumol 2018;44(4):315-20. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37562017000000121
Kyle UG, Bosaeus I, De Lorenzo AD, Deurenberg P, Elia M, Gómez JM et al. Bioelectrical impedance analysis - Part II: Utilization in clinical practice. Clin Nutr 2004;23(6):1430-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.09.012
De Witt JK, English KL, Crowell JB, Kalogera KL, Guilliams ME, Nieschwitz BE, et al. Isometric mid-thigh pull reliability and relationship to deadlift 1RM. J Strength Cond Res 2016;1.h10. doi: 10.519/JSC.0000000000001605
Innes E. Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature. Aust Occup Ther J 1999;46(3):120-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1630.1999.00182.x
Oberacker LM, Davis SE, Haff GG, Gavin LM. The yo-yo IR2 test: physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26(10):2734–40. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000227538.20799.08
La Scala Teixeira CV, Evangelista AL, Pereira PEA, Silva-Grigoletto ME, Bocalini DS, Behm DG. Complexity: a novel load progression strategy in strength training. Front Physiol 2019;10. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00839
Rhea M. Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size. J Strenght Cond Res 2004;18(4):918-20. doi: 10.1519/14403.1
Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Georgakouli K, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Papanikolaou K et al. High intensity, circuit-type integrated neuromuscular training alters energy balance and reduces body mass and fat in obese women: A 10-month training-detraining randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2018;13(8):1-21. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202390
Brisebois M, Rigby B, Nichols D. Physiological and fitness adaptations after eight weeks of high-intensity functional training in physically inactive adults. Sports 2018;6(4):146. doi: 10.3390/sports6040146
National Institute of Health. Managing overweight and obesity in adults: Systematic evidence review from the obesity expert panel. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2013. 501 p. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/obesity-evidence-review.pdf
Harber MP, Fry AC, Rubin MR, Smith JC, Weiss LW. Skeletal muscle and hormonal adaptations to circuit weight training in untrained men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004;14(3):176-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.371.x/abstract
Feito Y, Hoffstetter W, Serafini P, Mangine G. Changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance resulting from 16-weeks of HIFT. PLoS One 2018;13(6):e0198324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198324
Clark JE, Goon DT. The role of resistance training for treatment of obesity related health issues and for changing health status of the individual who is overfat or obese: A review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015;55(3):205-22.
Fatouros IG. Is irisin the new player in exercise-induced adaptations or not? A 2017 update. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;28;56(4):525-48. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0674
Moghetti P, Bacchi E, Brangani C, Doní S, Negri C. Metabolic effects of exercise. Front Horm Res 2016;47:44-57. doi: 10.1159/000445156
Silva-Grigoletto ME, Santos MS, García-Manso JM. Cross training: treinamento funcional de alta intensidade. 1st ed. São Paulo:Lura; 2018. 151 p.
Waller M, Miller J, Hannon J. Resistance circuit training: Its application for the adult population. Strength Cond J 2011;33(1):16-22. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181f45179
Ruiz JR, Sui X, Lobelo F, Morrow JR, Jackson AW, Sjöström M et al. Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008;337(7661):92-5.
Kliszczewicz B, McKenzie M, Nickerson B. Physiological adaptation following four-weeks of high-intensity functional training. Vojnosanit Pregl Med Pharm J Serbia 2019;76(3):272-7. doi: 10.2298/VSP170228095K
Mcrae G, Payne A, Zelt JGE, Scribbans TD, Jung ME, Little JP et al. Extremely low volume, whole-body aerobic- resistance training improves aerobic fitness and muscular endurance in females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012;37(6):1124-31. doi: 10.1139/h2012-093
MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. J Physiol 2017;595(9):2915-30. doi: 10.1113/JP273196
Gormley S, Swain D, High R, Spina R, Dowling E, Kotipalli U et al. Effect of intensity of aerobic training on VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008;40(7):1336-43. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816c4839
Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ, Wildman R, Kleiner S, VanDusseldorp T, Taylor L et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Diets and body composition. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017;14(1):1-19. doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto, Ezequias Pereira Neto, Leandro Henrique Albuquerque Brandão, Leury Max Da Silva Chaves, Marcos Bezerra de Almeida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this magazine; Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase impact and citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
