Hipertensão arterial: uma abordagem direcionada aos efeitos do treinamento, mecanismos hipotensivos e respostas a programas de exercícios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v4i1.3586Abstract
A Hipertensão Arterial (HA) é uma condição multifatorial, associada a uma pressão arterial (PA) maior ou igual a 140/90 mmHg ou ao uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. No Brasil, estudos epidemiológicos estimam uma prevalência da HA em torno de 40% da população adulta com mais de 40 anos. Uma das principais formas de prevenção e tratamento da HA consiste nas modificações do estilo de vida. Dentre as modificações, destaca-se a prática regular de atividade física. Desta forma, os objetivos do presente artigo são: a) revisar os efeitos do treinamento físico na PA; b) apresentar os potenciais mecanismos hipotensivos como resposta ao exercício; c) apresentar e discutir as diferentes estratégias de atividades físicas envolvendo programas formais e não formais de prescrição de exercício. O primeiro objetivo aborda os efeitos agudos e crônicos das diferentes formas de treinamento (aeróbio, de força e flexibilidade), assim como a influência das diferentes variáveis de prescrição nas respostas da PA. O segundo objetivo apresenta os principais mecanismos neuro-humorais e estruturais que tentam explicar a hipotensão como resposta í prática do exercício. Quanto ao enfoque do terceiro objetivo, são discutidas a aplicabilidade, vantagens e desvantagens de programas formais e não-formais de prescrição de exercícios.
Palavras-chave: hipertensão, exercício, hipotensão, fisiologia cardiovascular, atividade física.
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