Recommendations for physical exercise in face of COVID-19: an integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v20i1.4254Keywords:
exercise; coronavirus; coronavirus infections; exercise therapyAbstract
Objective: To evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence in relation to the recommendations on the practice of physical activity during and after the pandemic period. Methods: A search was carried out with the Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases, and manual searches in journals, in the references of the selected studies, in addition to the use of pre-print studies. The initial search totaled 1026 records and after applying the filters, 321 publications were selected. After the exclusion by title, summary, duplicates and full reading, 13 publications remained, in addition to another 10 studies selected manually, totaling 23 publications. Results: After analyzing the results, the evidence was categorized according to: the effects of physical exercise on viral respiratory infections, the impact of COVID-19 in relation to physical inactivity, physical and mental health and recommendations on regular physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and recommendations on post-pandemic physical activity. Conclusion: Most evidence recommends regular moderate physical activity during and after the pandemic. However, more specific recommendations on intensity, type of exercise, sets and duration of training need further investigation.
References
Halabchi F, Ahmadinejad Z, Selk-Ghaffari M. COVID-19 Epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question! Asian J Sports Med 2020;11(1). doi: 10.5812/asjsm.102630
Silva CMS, Andrade ADN, Nepomuceno B, Xavier DS, Lima E, Gonzalez I et al. Evidence-based physiotherapy and functionality in adult and pediatric patients with COVID-19. J Hum Growth Dev 2020;30(1):148-55. doi: 10.7322/jhgd.v30.10086
World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Maio 8]. p. 1-5. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020
Bogoch II, Watts A, Thomas-Bachli A, Huber C, Kraemer MUG, Khan K. Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China. J Travel Med 2020;13;27(2):1-3. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa011
Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020;395(10224):565-74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
Zbinden-Foncea H, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Hawley JA. Does high cardiorespiratory fitness confer some protection against pro-inflammatory responses after infection by SARS-CoV-2? Obesity 2020;oby.22849. doi: 10.1002/oby.22849
Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Racalbuto V, Veronese N et al. Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) current status and future perspectives: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(8):2690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082690
Frühauf A, Schnitzer M, Schobersberger W, Weiss G, Kopp M. Jogging, nordic walking and going for a walk - inter-disciplinary recommendations to keep people physically active in times of the covid-19 lockdown in Tyrol, Austria. Curr Issues Sport Sci 2020. doi: 10.15203/CISS_2020.100
Mann RH, Clift BC, Boykoff J, Bekker S. Athletes as community; athletes in community: covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection. Br J Sports Med 2020;54(18). doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102433
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Ferreira MJ, Irigoyen MC, Consolim-Colombo F, Saraiva JFK, De Angelis K. Vida Fisicamente ativa como medida de enfrentamento ao COVID-19. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020;114(4):601-02. doi: 10.36660/abc.20200235
Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:91-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Lavie CJ. Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;63(3);386-88. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
Song Y, Ren F, Sun D, Wang M, Baker JS, István B, et al. Benefits of exercise on influenza or pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(8):2655. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082655
Rodríguez MA, Crespo I, Olmedillas H. Ejercitarse en tiempos del COVID-19: ¿qué recomiendan los expertos hacer entre cuatro paredes? Rev Española Cardiol 2020;73(7):527-29. doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.04.002
Carda S, Invernizzi M, Bavikatte G, Bensmaïl [Crossref] D, Bianchi F, Deltombe T, et al. The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician’s view. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020;63(6)554-56. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.001
Campbell JP, Turner JE. Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan. Front Immunol 2018;9(4):1-21. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648
Fallon K. Exercise in the time of COVID-19. Aust J Gen Pract 2020;49. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-COVID-13
Laddu DR, Lavie CJ, Phillips SA, Arena R. Physical activity for immunity protection: Inoculating populations with healthy living medicine in preparation for the next pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;40:4-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.006
Luan X, Tian X, Zhang H, Huang R, Li N, Chen P, et al. Exercise as a prescription for patients with various diseases. J Sport Heal Sci 2019;8(5):422-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.002
Simpson RJ, Campbell JP, Gleeson M, Krüger K, Nieman DC, Pyne DB et al. Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection? Exerc Immunol Rev 2020;26:8-22.Available from: http://eir-isei.de/2020/eir-2020-008-article.pdf
Wu Y, Ho W, Huang Y, Jin D-Y, Li S, Liu S-L et al. SARS-CoV-2 is an appropriate name for the new coronavirus. Lancet 2020;395(10228):949–50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30557-2
Simpson RJ, Katsanis E. The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun 2020:87:6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.041
Medicine AAC of S. Staying physically active during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020 [cited 2020 May 8]. p.2. Available from: https://www.acsm.org/read-research/newsroom/news-releases/news-detail/2020/03/16/staying-physically-active-during-covid-19-pandemic
Raiol RA. Praticar exercícios físicos é fundamental para a saúde física e mental durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Brazilian Journal of Health Review 2020;3:2804-13. doi: 10.34119/bjhrv3n2-124
Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J Sport Heal Sci 2020;9(2):103-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.001
Souza MT, Silva MD, Carvalho RD. Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo) 2010;8(1):102-6. http://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010rw1134
Beyea SC. Writing an integrative review. AORN J 1998;67(4):877-80. doi: 10.1016/s0001-2092(06)62653-7
Moher D, Altman DG, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. PRISMA Statement. Epidemiology 2011;22(1):128. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181fe7825
Shirvani H, Rostamkhani F. Exercise considerations during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: A narrative review. J Mil Med 2020;22(2):161-8. doi: 10.30491/JMM.22.2.161
Zhu W. Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods J Sport Heal Sci 2020;9(2):105-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.005
Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag Sport Leis 2020;0(0):1-6. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494
Jakobsson J, Malm C, Furberg M, Ekelund U, Svensson M. Physical activity during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: prevention of a decline in metabolic and immunological functions. Front Sport Act Living 30 abr 2020. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00057
Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ, Arena R. A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020;40:4-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005
Goethals L, Barth N, Guyot J, Hupin D, Celarier T. Need for a physical activity promotion strategy for older adults living at home during quarantine due to Table of Contents. JMIR Aging 2020;3(1):e19007. doi: 10.2196/19007
Azizi GG, Orsini M, Dortas Júnior SD, Cerbino SA. Obesidade e imunologia do exercício: implicações em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2020;19(2supl):S35-S39. doi: 10.33233/rbfe.v19i2.4023
Pitanga FJG, Beck CC, Pitanga CPS. Atividade física e redução do comportamento sedentário durante a pandemia do Coronavírus. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020;114(6):1058-60. doi: 10.36660/abc.20200238
Cheval B, Sivaramakrishnan H, Maltagliati S, Fessler L, Forestier C, Sarrazin P, et al. Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviours and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. SportRxiv 25 apr 2020. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396
Oliveira Neto L, Elsangedy HM, Tavares VDO, Teixeira CVLS, Behm DG DS-GM. #TreineEmCasa – Treinamento físico em casa durante a pandemia do COVID-19 (SARS-COV2): abordagem fisiológica e comportamental. Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2020;19(2):S9-S19. doi: 10.33233/rbfe.v19i2.4006
Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Hosseini F. Exercise against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Does workout intensity matter? (A mini review of some indirect evidence related to obesity). Obes Med 2020;2:100245. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100245
Chen P, Mao L, Nassis GP, Harmer P, Ainsworth BE, Li F. Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: Actions and precautions. J Sport Heal Sci 2020;9(4):322-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.003
Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA. Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2009;37(4):157-64. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181b7b57b
Harris MD. Infectious disease in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 2011;10(2):84-9. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182142381
Sallis J. A call to action: physical activity and COVID-19. EIM Blog. American College of Sports Medicine. [cited 2020 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.exerciseismedicine.org/support_page.php/stories/?b=896
Dimitrov S, Hulteng E, Hong S. Inflammation and exercise: Inhibition of monocytic intracellular TNF production by acute exercise via b 2 -adrenergic activation. Brain Behav Immun 2017;61:60-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.017
Ahmadinejad Z, Alijani N, Mansori S, Ziaee V. Common sports-related infections: a review on clinical pictures, management and time to return to sports. Asian J Sports Med 2014;5(1):1-9. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.102630
Cerqueira E, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, Lourenço O. Inflammatory effects of high and moderate intensity exercise - a systematic review. Front Physiol 202;9(10):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100245
Nyenhuis SM, Greiwe J, Zeiger JS, Nanda A, Cooke A. Exercise and Fitness in the age of social distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(7):2152-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.039
Blocken B, Malizia F, van Druenen T, Marchal T. Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running [Internet]. Urban Physics 2020 [cited 2020 may 11]. Available from: http://www.urbanphysics.net/Social Distancing v20_White_Paper.pdf
Azizi GG, Orsini M, Dortas Júnior SD, Vieira PC, Carvalho RS, Pires CSR et al. COVID-19 e atividade física: qual a relação entre a imunologia do exercício e a atual pandemia? Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2020;19(2supl):S20-S29. doi: 10.33233/rbfe.v19i2.4115
Guimarães-Ferreira L, Bocalini DS. Atenuação do destreinamento durante a pandemia de COVID-19: considerações práticas para o treinamento de força e potência em ambiente doméstico. Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2020;19(2supl):S47-S55. doi: 10.33233/rbfe.v19i2.4112
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Carlos José Nogueira, Antônio Carlos Leal Cortez, Silvânia Matheus de Oliveira Leal, Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this magazine; Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase impact and citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
