Relationship of heart failure and major depression disorder and the role of physical exercise
Review - e235608 - Published 2024, Dec 20
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v23i3.5608Keywords:
cardiovascular disease, depression, physical activity, aerobic trainingAbstract
Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are highly prevalent conditions that lead to significant morbidity and mortality rates. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, 246 million people were diagnosed with MDD worldwide, with approximately 11.5 million cases in Brazil. Regarding HF, there were 192,852 emergency admissions in Brazil in 2022 alone. The correlation between these two conditions is so significant that one is considered a risk factor for the other, resulting in a negative impact on patients' quality of life. Objective: In light of this scenario, the aim of this work was to conduct a bibliographic review of the physiological mechanisms associated with HF and MDD and the effect of physical exercise on alleviating the symptoms of these diseases. Methods: A narrative bibliographic review was performed, searching the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Google Scholar, using the following keywords: Heart Failure; Depression; Physical Exercise; Physical Activity; Strength Training; Aerobic Training; and Combined Training in both Portuguese and English. Results: Seven articles were selected, including observational studies and clinical trials. Discussion: The primary compensatory mechanisms associated with these conditions include dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, elevated inflammatory cytokines, decreased nitric oxide synthesis, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Physical exercise, predominantly aerobic training, was found to improve depressive symptoms and cognitive function without significant changes in inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion: There is a strong association between HF and MDD. Strategies to mitigate the symptoms of these diseases should be promoted to enhance clinical outcomes for patients. Therefore, physical exercise is an important tool in treating the symptoms of patients with HF affected by MDD, as it leads to improvements in clinical outcomes related to both conditions.
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