Diabetes tipo III: mito ou realidade?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v16i1.894Abstract
Sabe-se que indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo II podem apresentar maior risco de desenvolver Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Assim, investigações têm sido conduzidas com o intuito de identificar a relação entre DM e DA. Outro ponto interessante é a possibilidade de haver um novo tipo de DM, caracterizada especificamente pela resistência insulínica cerebral. Nesse aspecto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar na literatura evidências científicas sobre a existência de um novo tipo de DM, que poderá ser chamada de DM tipo III. Para esta revisão foram consultadas as bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, Scielo e Pubmed, utilizando em cruzamento os seguintes descritores: diabetes mellitus, doença de Alzheimer, hiperglicemia, peptídeos β-amilóides e seus correlatos em inglês e espanhol. Incluídos apenas artigos originais que utilizaram humanos ou animais, publicados entre 2000 e 2015, que versassem sobre a influência da insulina sobre a função cerebral. Dezesseis manuscritos compuseram a discussão deste trabalho, os quais relatam a existência de receptores específicos de insulina nos neurônios, sendo a insulina responsável pela sua proteção contra a deposição de peptídeos β-amiloides, neurotoxinas presentes em DA, que são moléculas geradas por clivagem proteolítica da proteína precursora da amilóide. Além disso, em situações de resistência insulínica cerebral, esses peptídeos promovem disfunção neural. Curiosamente, o mais intrigante é que alterações na ação da insulina cerebral independem da presença de DM tipo I ou II. Conclui-se de acordo com as evidências, que há fortes indícios científicos de um novo tipo de DM, então denominada de DM tipo III, caracterizada pela resistência insulínica cerebral.
Palavras-chave: diabetes mellitus, hiperglicemia, insulina cerebral, doença de Alzheimer.
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