Exercício físico como terapia adjuvante para o câncer de mama: uma revisão sobre as evidências atuais e perspectivas do exercício em oncologia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v20i4.4789Palabras clave:
neoplasias da mama; exercício físico; fadiga; aptidão cardiorrespiratóriaResumen
Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos e os moderadores do exercício físico na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de pacientes com câncer de mama em tratamento primário, bem como a relação entre o exercício físico e sobrevida nessa população. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de estudos que examinaram os efeitos do exercício na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, examinamos informações relevantes sobre a relação entre exercício e sobrevivência em pacientes com câncer. Resultados: O exercício reduziu significativamente a fadiga relacionada ao câncer com maiores reduções observadas em pacientes que realizaram exercício de forma supervisionada ou apresentaram maiores queixas de fadiga. Na capacidade cardiorrespiratória, aumentos significativos foram observados após a realização de programas baseados em treinamento aeróbio. Pacientes mais jovens, que realizaram programas supervisionados, ou que participaram de prescrição não-lineares de treinamento aeróbio apresentaram maiores efeitos. Apesar de estudos epidemiológicos indicarem associações entre maiores níveis de atividade física e sobrevivência, ensaios clínicos randomizados são necessários para confirmar tal relação em pacientes com câncer. Conclusão: Sugerimos a promoção do exercício na redução da fadiga e aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, grupos específicos de pacientes baseados na idade e níveis iniciais parecem responder melhor ao exercício que outros.
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