Alongamento balístico versus sustentar e relaxar: comparação do ganho imediato e após 24 horas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v11i2.1354Abstract
Dentre os métodos de alongamento mais utilizados na prática clínica, encontram-se os métodos balístico e facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) através da técnica de sustentar-relaxar. Poucos estudos analisaram por quanto tempo as alterações na amplitude de movimento (ADM) decorrentes da intervenção permanecem ou compararam a efetividade de dois tipos de carga sobre este tempo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar qual método de alongamento aplicado í musculatura isquiotibial, dentre balístico e FNP do tipo sustentar-relaxar, é mais efi caz no ganho de ADM e na manutenção deste após 24 horas. Participaram do estudo 19 adultos jovens saudáveis. A avaliação da ADM foi realizada através da fotogrametria antes, imediatamente após e 24 horas após a intervenção. Os métodos de alongamento foram aplicados de forma randomizada em uma sessão. Através dos resultados foi possível verifi car que ambas as técnicas foram capazes de aumentar a ADM imediatamente após a aplicação (p = 0,001 para o balístico e p = 0,001 para o sustentar-relaxar) e manter por 24 horas após a aplicação (p = 0,023 para o balístico e p = 0,022 para o sustentar-relaxar). No entanto, na comparação entre os métodos, não houve diferença no ganho de ADM obtido. Confi rma-se, portanto, a equivalente efetividade de ambos os métodos na obtenção e manutenção do ganho de ADM.
Palavras-chave: alongamento balístico, facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, Fisioterapia.
References
Bandy WD, Irion JM. The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther 1994;74:845-52.
Depino GM, Webright WG, Arnold BL. Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after cessation of an acute static stretching protocol. J Athl Train 2000;35(1):56-9.
Mahieu NN, Mcnair P, De Muynck M, Estevens V, Blanckaert I, Smits N, et al. Effect of static and ballistic stretching on the muscle–tendon tissue properties. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39(3):494-501.
Marek SM, Cramer JT, Fincher AL, Massey LL, Dangelmaier SM, Purkayastha S, et al. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. J Athl Train 2005;40(2):94-103.
Magnusson PS, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Dyhre-poulsen P, Mchugh M, Kjaer M. Mechanical and physiological responses to stretching with and without preisometric contraction in human skeletal muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996a;77:373-8.
Starring DT, Gossman MR, Nicholson Junior GG, Lemons J. Comparison of cyclic and sustained passive stretching using a mechanical device to increase resting length of hamstring muscles. Phys Ther 1988;68(3):314-20.
Whatman C, Knappsteina A, Hume Patria. Acute changes in passive stiffness and range of motion post-stretching. Phys Ther Sport 2006;7:195-200.
Winters MV, Blake CG, Trost JS, Marcello-Brinker TB, Lowe L, Garber MB, et al. Passive versus active stretching of hip flexor muscles in subjects with limited hip extension: A randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2004;84(9):800-7.
Reid DA, Mcnair PJ. Passive force, angle, and stiffness changes after stretching of hamstring muscles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(I1):1944-8.
Woolstenhulme MT, Griffiths CM, Woolstenhulme EM, Parcell AC. Ballistic stretching increases flexibility and acute vertical jump height when combined with basketball activity. J Strength Cond Res 2006;20(4):799-803.
Laroche DP, Connolly DA J. Effects of stretching on passive muscle tension and response to eccentric exercise. Am J Sports Med 2006;34(6):1000-7.
Etnyre BR, Lee JA. Chronic and acute flexibility of men and women using three different stretching techniques. Res Q Exerc Sport 1988;59:222-8.
Feland JB, Marin HN. Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching Br J Sports Med 2004;38(18):1-2.
Prentice WE. A comparison of static stretching and PNF stretching for improving hip joint flexibility. Athl Train 1983;18:56-9.
Mahieu NN, Cools A, De Wilde B, Boon M, Witvrouw E. Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on the plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009:19(4)553-60.
Rees SS, Murphy AJ, Watsford ML, McLachlan KA, Coutts AJ. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on stiffness and force-producing characteristics of the ankle in active women. J Strength Cond Res 2007;21(2):572-7.
Rowlands AV, Marginson VF, Lee J. Chronic flexibility gains: effect of isometric contraction duration during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques. Res Q Exerc Sport 2003;74(1):47-51.
Schuback B, Hooper J, Salisbury L. A comparison of a self-stretch incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation components and a therapist-applied PNF-technique on hamstring flexibility. Physiotherapy 2004;90:151-7.
Yuktasira B, Fatih K. Investigation in to the long-term effects of static and PNF stretching exercises on range of motion and jump performance. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2009;13:11-21.
Sady SP, Wortman M, Blanke D. Flexibility training: ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982;63(6):261-3.
Cornelius WL, Ebrahim K, Watson J, Hill DW. The effects of cold application and modified PNF stretching techniques on hip joint flexibility in college males. Res Q Exerc Sport 1992;63(3):311-4.
Wallin D, Ekblom B, Grahn R, Nordenbord T. Improvement of muscle flexibility. A comparison between two techniques. Am J Sports Med 1985;13(4):263-8.
Feland JB, Myrer JW, Merril RM. Acute changes in hamstring flexibility: PNF versus static stretch in senior athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2001;2:186-93.
Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Sorensen H, Kjaer M. A mechanism for altered flexibility in human skeletal muscle. J Phys 1996b;49(7):291-8.
Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P, Kjaer M. Biomechanical response to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. Am J Sports Med 1996c;24(5):622-8.
Nordez A, Cornu C, Mcnair P. Acute effects of static stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles calculated using different mathematical models. Clin Biomech 2006;21:755-60.
Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Dyhre-poulsen P, Aagaard P, Mohr T, Kjaer M. Viscoelastic stress relaxation during static stretch in human skeletal muscle in the absence of EMG activity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1996c;6:323-8.
Magnusson SP, Aagaard P, Nielson JJ. Passive energy return after repeated stretches of the hamstring muscle-tendon unit. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(6):1160-4.
Wiemann K, Hahn K. Influences of strength, stretching and circulatory exercises on flexibility parameters of the human hamstrings. Int J Sports Med 1997;18(5):340-6.
Nelson AG, Kokkonen J. Acute ballistic stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Res Q Exerc Sports 2001;72:415-9.
Moller M, Ekstrand J, Oberg B, Gillquist J. Duration of stretching effect on range of motion in lower extremities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985;66:171-3.
Spernoga SG, Uhl TL, Arnold BL, Gansneder BM. Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after a one-time, modified hold-relax stretching protocol. J Athl Train 2001;36(1):44-8.
Osternig LR, Robertson RN, Troxel RK, Hansen P. Differential response to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretch techniques. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:106-11.
Viveiros L, Farinatti P. Respostas agudas imediatas e tardias da flexibilidade na extensão do ombro em relação ao número de séries e duração do alongamento. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2004;10(6):459-63.
Ferber R, Osternig LR, Gravelle DC. Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG activity in older adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2002;12:391-7.
Enoka RM. Neuromechanical basis of kinesiology. 2ª ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1994.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors are authorized for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
