Novas perspectivas na avaliação da função pulmonar de lactentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v11i2.1369Abstract
Objetivo: Realizar levantamento da literatura científi ca sobre provas de função pulmonar (PFP) em lactentes, suas aplicações e perspectivas. Métodos: Foi realizada busca de artigos científi cos (língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola) nas bases de dados: PubMed, Embase, Scielo e Lilacs. Palavras de busca utilizadas: lactente, prova de função pulmonar, volume corrente, fl uxos expiratórios forçados, pletismografi a e mecânica respiratória; de forma combinada ou isolada, entre os anos de 1940 a 2008 incluindo artigos de revisão, ensaios clínicos, consensos e livros. Resultados: Nos últimos anos houve grande avanço no aperfeiçoamento e padronização das PFP em lactentes. As técnicas mais empregadas são: análise dos parâmetros do volume corrente; mecânica passiva do sistema respiratório; análise dos volumes pulmonares por pletismografi a ou por métodos de difusão; compressão toracoabdominal para obtenção de fl uxos expiratórios forçados seja em volume corrente ou em volume pulmonar aumentado. Na maioria dos casos sedação é necessária para a realização desses testes e os derivados do Cloral são os sedativos mais empregados. As principais contraindicações das PFP em lactentes são decorrentes da sedação: obstrução de via aérea, cardiopatias arrítmicas e neuropatias. Complicações decorrentes desses exames são extremamente raras, mas equipe experiente e suporte para reanimação cardiorrespiratória são recomendados. Apesar de utilizadas principalmente em pesquisas, as PFP em lactentes já apresentam indicações clínicas defi nidas. Conclusão: PFP pode ser considerada como ferramenta útil e viável no manejo e pesquisa de pneumopatias de lactentes. O conhecimento desses exames pode auxiliar diversos profi ssionais envolvidos nos cuidados desses pacientes aprimorando a terapêutica e trazendo novas perspectivas na avaliação de terapias respiratórias.
Palavras-chave: prova de função pulmonar, lactente, pletismograï¬ a, fl uxos expiratórios forçado.
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