Pain characteristics and its influence in the labor activities in northeastern Brazilian farmers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v20i2.2399Abstract
Introduction: Agricultural work is considered a dangerous activity with physical and mental stress. Pain is one of the most common disabilities among agricultural workers. Objective: To determine the incidence, intensity, characteristic of pain and its impact on labor activities in farmers. Methods: Transversal study, pain evaluations consist of: 1) presence / intensity; 2) characteristic of painful experience; 3) episode of pain in the last 30 days and 4) interference of pain at work. Validated and specific pain scales were used, and descriptive statistics were applied. Results: 157 rural farmers were recruited, 128 farmers, 40.4 (11.4) years, participated in the study, 25% of the farmers reported pain at the time of evaluation with mean of 5.5 (0.47) intensity. The predominant pain characteristic was the evaluative type (34%), followed by affective (30%), 83 (65%) of farmers reported pain in the last four weeks, and 60% of these farmers reported pain interference in work activity. Conclusion: Pain, according to farmers in this study, is the main cause of absence and poor performance at work. To accurately assess the intensity of work-related pain, instruments may need to be applied over a continuous period of time, preferably during work day.
Key-words: worker health, pain, pain assessment.
References
Oliveira TJA, Stefan HD, Pery FAS. A agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento rural no nordeste do Brasil: uma análise comparativa com a região sul. Acta Tecnológica 2017;10(2):59-74.
Maia JMM, Lima JL, Rocha TJM, Fonseca AS, Mosuinho KC, Santos AF. Perfil de intoxicação dos agricultores por agrotóxicos em Alagoas. Diversitas Journal 2018;3(2):486-504. https://doi.org/10.17648/diversitas-journal-v3i2.626
Maciel LM, Carneiro FF, Torres Filho J, Nascimento FMF, Lima AEF. Agricultura, saúde e ambiente: análise sobre o consumo e comercialização de agrotóxico no Ceará. Encontro Regional de Agroecologia do Nordeste 1.1 (2017).
Pignati WA, Lima FANS, Lara SS, Correa MLM, Barbosa JR, Leão LHC. Distribuição espacial do uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil: uma ferramenta para a vigilância em saúde. Cienc Saúde Coletiva 2017;22:3281-93. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172210.17742017
Nordgren TM, Chandrashekhar C. Agriculture occupational exposures and factors affecting health effects. Current allergy and asthma reports 2018;18(12):65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-018-0820-8
Arcury TA, Sandberg JC, Talton JW, Laurenti PJ, Daniel SS, Quandt SA. Mental health among Latina farmworkers and other employed Latinas in North Carolina. Journal of Rural Mental Health 2018;42(2):89-101. https://doi.org/10.1037/rmh0000091
Chari R, Kress AM, Madrigano J. Injury and illness surveillance of US agricultural workers: assessment of recommendations and actions. Rand Health Quarterly 2018;8(2):10.
Silva MR, Ferretti F, Lutinski JA. Dor lombar, flexibilidade muscular e relação com o nÃvel de atividade fÃsica de trabalhadores rurais. Saúde em Debate 2017; 41:183-94. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104201711215
Biazus M, Moretto CF, Pasqualotti A. Relationship between musculoskeletal pain complaints and family agriculture work. Revista Dor 2017;18(3):232-7. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-0013.20170107
Fillingim RB, Bruehl S, Dworkin RH, Dworkin SF, Loeser JD, Turk DC, et al. The ACTTION-American Pain Society Pain Taxonomy (AAPT): an evidence-based and multidimensional approach to classifying chronic pain conditions. J Pain 2014;15(3):241-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.004
Khan MI, Bath B, Boden C, Adebayo O, Trask C. The association between awkward working posture and low back disorders in farmers: a systematic review. Journal of Agromedicine 2018;22:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2018.1538918
Thelin A, Jansson B, Jacobsson B, Ström H. Coxarthrosis and farm work: a case-referent study. Am J Ind Med 1997;32(5):497-501.
Xiang H, Stallones L, Keefe TJ. Back pain and agricultural work among farmers: an analysis of the Colorado Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Survey. Am J Ind Med 1999;35(3):310-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199903)35:3<310::aid-ajim12>3.0.co;2-d
Johnson C. Measuring pain. Visual analog scale versus numeric pain scale: what is the difference? J Chiropr Med 2005;4(1):43-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60112-8
Pimenta CAM, Teixeira MJ. Questionário de dor McGill: proposta de adaptação para a lÃngua portuguesa. Rev Assoc Med Bras 1996;30(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s0080-62341996000300009
Cardoso C, Souza L, Pereira M, Resende MA. Aplicação da versão brasileira do questionário de dor Mcgill em idosos com dor crônica Applicability of the Brazilian version of the McGill pain questio- nnaire in elderly patients with chronic pain. Acta Fisiatr 2006;13:75–82.
Brazier JE, Harper R, Jones NM, O’Cathain A, Thomas KJ, Usherwood T, et al. Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care. BMJ 1992;305(6846):160-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6846.160
Brock M, Northcraft-Baxter L, Escoffery C, Greene BL. Musculoskeletal health in South Georgia farmworkers: a mixed methods study. Work 2012;43(2):223-36. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-1368
Xiao H, McCurdy SA, Stoecklin-Marois MT, Li C-S, Schenker MB. Agricultural work and chronic musculoskeletal pain among Latino farm workers: the MICASA study. Am J Ind Med 2013;56(2):216-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22118
Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL. Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain 2009;10(5):447-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001
Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB, et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain 2007;132 Suppl:S26–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.014
Glaser E, Mendrek A, Germain M, Lakis N, Lavoie ME. Sex differences in memory of emotional images: a behavioral and electrophysiological investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2012;85(1):17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.01.007
Myers CD, Riley JL, Robinson ME. Psychosocial contributions to sex-correlated differences in pain. Clin J Pain 2003;19(4):225-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200307000-00005
Svendsen K, Aas O, Hilt B. Nonfatal occupational injuries in norwegian farmers. Saf Health Work 2014;5(3):147-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2014.05.001
Mattioli S, Curti S, Argentino A, Violante FS. Musculoskeletal disorders in farmers. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2012;35(4):327–9.
Camargo P, Haik M, Filho R, Mattiello-Rosa S, Salvini T. Pain in workers with shoulder impingement syndrome: an assessment using the DASH and McGill pain questionnaires. Rev Bras Fisioter 2007;11(2):161-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552007000200012
Melzack R, Katz J, Jeans ME. The role of compensation in chronic pain: analysis using a new method of scoring the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain 1985;23(2):101-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(85)90052-1
Basher A, Nath P, Siddique ZS, Rahman MH, Rubel MA, Sayed MS, et al. Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) among agricultural workers. Mymensingh Med J 2015;24(1):1-8.
Milani D, Monteiro MS. Musculoskeletal symptoms and work ability among agricultural machinery operators. Work 2012;41 Suppl 1:5721-4. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0930-5721
Kolstrup CL. Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort of dairy farmers and employed workers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2012;7(1):23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-7-23
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors are authorized for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
