Acute effect of open and closed kinetic chain training on lower limb muscle strength in young adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v24i5.5131Keywords:
acute training, open kinetic chain, closed kinetic chain, torque, powerAbstract
Among training prescription variations for improving muscle strength, we can highlight open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of OKC and CKC exercises on lower limb muscle strength in young adults. Subjects were invited to participate in an acute training consisting of three OKC exercises and three CKC exercises and performed three sets of ten repetitions. To evaluate the torque and muscle power, an isokinetic dynamometer and a force platform were used. The analyzed variables were: peak of torque, time to peak torque, mean power and average power. Univariate analyses were used to compare the performance of participants in OKC and CKC exercises in torque and power tests. Peak torque was higher in the extensor and plantar flexion movements than knee and ankle joints, respectively. When comparing OKC and CKC exercises, OKC exercises produced a higher peak of torque and mean power in all the joints than CKC. We concluded that OKC exercises can be used for improving strength in young adults.
References
Karandikar N, Vargas OOO. Kinetic chains: a review of the concept and its clinical applications. PMR 2011; 8(3): 739–745. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.02.021
Mayer F, Schlumberger A, Van Cingel R, Henrotin Y, Laube W, Schmidtbleicher D. Training and testing in open versus closed kinetic chain. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2003;11(4):181–7. doi: 10.3233/ies-2003-0154
Vad V, Hong Hm, Zazzali M, Agi N, Basrai D. Exercise recommendations in athletes with early osteoarthritis of the knee. Sport Med. 2002;32(11):729–39. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232110-00004
Bakhtiary AH, Fatemi E. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patellar chondromalacia. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(2):99–102. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.038109
Jewiss D, Ostman C, Smart N. Open versus closed kinetic chain exercises following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Med. 2017;4721548:1–10. doi: 10.1155/2017/4721548
Bunton EE, Pitney WA, Cappaert TA, Kane AW. The role of limb torque, muscle action and proprioception during closed kinetic chain rehabilitation of the lower extremity. J Athl Train. 1993 [Internet];28(1):10–20. [cited 2023 oct 8] Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16558197/
Tagesson S, Öberg B, Good L, Kvist J. A comprehensive rehabilitation program with quadriceps strengthening in closed versus open kinetic chain exercise in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: a randomized clinical trial evaluating dynamic tibial translation and muscle function. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(2):298–307. doi: 10.1177/0363546507307867
Uçar M, Koca I, Eroglu M, Eroglu S, Sarp U, Arik Ho, Yetisgin A. Evaluation of open and closed kinetic chain exercises in rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(12):1875–8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1875
Perriman A, Leahy E, Semciw Ai. The effect of open-versus closed-kinetic-chain exercises on anterior tibial laxity, strength, and function following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018;48(7):552–66. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7656
Augustsson J, Esko A, Thomeé R, Svantesson U. Weight training of the thigh muscles using closed vs. open kinetic chain exercises: a comparison of performance enhancement. J Orthop. Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27(1):3–8. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.1.3
Blackburn JR, Morrissey Mc. Relationship between open and closed kinetic chain strength of the lower limb and jumping performance. J. Orthop. Sports Phys Ther. 1998; 27(6), 430–35. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.6.430
Stensdotter AK, Hodges PW, Mellor R, Sundelin G, Häger-Ross C. Quadriceps activation in closed and in open kinetic chain exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(12):2043–47. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000099107.03704.ae
Cheon S, Lee JH, Jun HP, An Yw, Chang E. Acute effects of open kinetic chain exercise versus those of closed kinetic chain exercise on quadriceps muscle thickness in healthy adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134669
Rassier DE, Macintosh BR. Coexistence of potentiation and fatigue in skeletal muscle. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2000;33(5):499-508. Doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000500003
Tillin N, Bishop DJ. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effects on performance. Sport Med. 2009;39(2):147–66. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939020-00004
Bauer P, Sansone P, Mitter B, Makivic B, Seitz Lb, Tschan H. Acute effects of back squats on countermovement jump performance across multiple sets of a contrast training protocol in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2019; 33(4): 995–1000. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002422
Crewther BT, Kilduff LP, Cook CJ, Middleton MK, Bunce PJ, Yang Gz. The acute potentiating effects of back squats on athlete performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3319–25. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318215f560
Byrne C, Eston R. The effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on isometric and dynamic knee extensor strength and vertical jump performance. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(5):417–25. doi: 10.1080/026404102317366672
Byrne C, Twist C, Eston R. Neuromuscular function after exercise-induced muscle damage. Sport Med. 2004;34(1):49–69. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00005
Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S. Muscle-damaging exercise affects isokinetic torque more at short muscle length. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(5): 1400–6. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d685a0
Sadeghisani M, Manshadi FD, Azimi H, Montazeri A. Validity and reliability of the persian version of baecke habitual physical activity questionnaire in healthy subjects. Asian J Sports Med. 2016;7(3):e31778. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.31778
Simão R, Farinatti PTV, Polito MD, Maior AS, Fleck SJ. Influence of exercise order on the number of repetitions performed and perceived exertion during resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(1):152–6. doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2005)19<152:ioeoot>2.0.co;2
Haff G, Triplett NT (2016). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Fourth edition. Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics; 2016.
Kannus P. Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15:s11–s18. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021104
Yoon TS, Park DS, Kang SW, Chun SI, Shin JS. Isometric and isokinetic torque curves at the knee joint.. Yonsei Med J. 1991;32(1):33–43. doi: 10.3349/ymj.1991.32.1.33
Andrade MS, Lira CAB, Koffes FC, Mascarin NC, Benedito-Silva AA, Silva AC. Isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio: the influence of sport modality, gender, and angular velocity. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(6):547–53. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.644249
Woodson C, Bandy WD, Curis D, Baldwin D. Relationship of isokinetic peak torque with work and power for ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;22(3):113–5. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1995.22.3.113
Mikkelsen C, Werner S, Eriksson E. Closed kinetic chain alone compared to combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with respect to return to sports: a prospective matched follow-up study. Knee Surgery Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(6):337–42. doi: 10.1007/s001670000143
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Natalia Madalena Rinaldi, Carlos Brendo Ferreira Reis, Gabrielle Lopes Teixeira, Matheus Jonas Santos, Leonardo Araújo Vieira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors are authorized for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
