Acute cardiovascular responses and changes in autonomic modulation in an inspiratory muscle training session: a pilot study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v24i6.5569Keywords:
physical therapy cardiovascular, autonomic nervous system, inspiratory exerciseAbstract
Introduction: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been used in healthy individuals to improve physical performance. However, cardiovascular responses from IMT have not yet been well elucidated. Objective: To describe the acute cardiovascular responses and changes in autonomic modulation resulting from a moderate-intensity inspiratory muscle training session. Methods: This is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted with a convenience sample composed of young adult individuals. The study consisted of a protocol lasting 25 minutes, with ten minutes of rest (pre-IMT), 5 minutes of IMT and a ten-minute recovery period (post-IMT), with verification of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (DBP) blood pressure, double product (SD) and subjective sensation of exertion (Borg). The IMT was performed using a digital device with a load of 50% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The assessment of cardiovascular autonomic modulation was performed by analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV) in the time (DT) and frequency (DF) domains. For data analysis and comparison between pre-IMT, IMT and post-IMT periods, double-entry ANOVA was used for measurements and adopted as significance when P < 0.05. Results: 17 individuals with a mean age of 26.40 ± 6.11 years participated in the study, 13 (77%) were female. During the performance of the IMT, it can be observed that the individuals reached on average 46% of the maximum HR. Regarding the hemodynamic variables, significant differences were observed when comparing the periods before IMT vs. IMR for HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, SD and Borg (p < 0.05), and significance between the periods IMT vs. post IMT for HR, SBP, MBP and SD variables (p < 0.05). Significance was also verified between pre-IMT vs. post IMT only for the subjective sensation of effort. Regarding HRV, significant differences were observed between pre-IMT vs. IMT in the DT for RR intervals, and between the periods IMT vs. post IMT in DF for the low frequency and high frequency components (p < 0.05). Conclusion: An IMT session with 50% of MIP is able to promote important increases in cardiovascular variables with increased blood pressure and heart rate and subjective sensation of exertion, as well as reduced parasympathetic activity.
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