Aspiração endotraqueal de adultos intubados: evidências para boas práticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/fb.v18i6.742Abstract
Introdução: A aspiração endotraqueal é o procedimento invasivo mais realizado em indivíduos intubados em unidades de terapia intensiva. Contudo, existem poucos estudos nacionais de boa qualidade metodológica sobre o assunto, não havendo no Brasil consenso da literatura e/ou padronização da técnica. Objetivos: Estabelecer recomendações baseadas em evidências científicas sobre a aspiração endotraqueal em adultos intubados. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de estudos secundários: diretrizes, guidelines e revisões sistemáticas em inglês e português, pesquisada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, Cochrane Review, Cochrane Library, Scielo Org, Scielo Brasil, PEDro, Clinical Evidence e Evidence Based Medicine. Resultados: Foram incluídos cinco artigos com classificação entre C e D pelo R-Amstar. Conclusão: A aspiração endotraqueal deve ser realizada em adultos intubados por pessoal qualificado, assepticamente, sempre que necessária. Não deve exceder 15 segundos por aspiração e nem ser realizada rotineiramente, e sim, na presença de secreções – grau de recomendação A. A sonda de aspiração deve ter um diâmetro menor que 50% do tubo endotraqueal e a hiperoxigenação com fração inspirada de oxigênio a 100% no ventilador deve ser utilizada – grau de recomendação A. A pressão de sucção não deve exceder 150 mmHg negativos – grau de recomendação B. É recomendada a aspiração subglótica, especialmente naqueles indivíduos com mais de 72 horas de ventilação mecânica invasiva – grau de recomendação A.
Palavras-chave: sucção, aspiração mecânica, drenagem por sucção.
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