Rabdomiólise e programas de condicionamento extremo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v16i4.1344Abstract
A rabdomiólise é uma síndrome potencialmente fatal associada a processos que culminem em lesão muscular, tais como intoxicações, doenças metabólicas e exercício extenuante. Apesar de ser amplamente descrita em modalidades como o treinamento de força e endurance, são escassos os estudos relativos í sua ocorrência nos programas de treinamento extremo. Neste artigo objetiva-se descrever a sua fisiopatologia e fatores de risco, bem como analisar os relatos de caso pertinentes encontrados na literatura, a fim de elucidar os aspectos mais associados í ocorrência de rabdomiólise nessas modalidades. Foram realizadas buscas sem limites temporais nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science e Scielo, sendo selecionados, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 30 artigos para análise crítica integral. Foi encontrado que os principais fatores associados í ocorrência da síndrome nos programas de condicionamento extremo são condizentes com aqueles descritos nas demais modalidades esportivas. Atenção deve ser dada ao fato que o quadro tem sido descrito não somente em praticantes iniciantes, mas também com relativa frequência em atletas experientes com a atividade. Reitera-se a imprescindibilidade do acompanhamento profissional adequado e conscientização acerca dos fatores de risco e formas de prevenção.
Palavras-chave: rabdomiólise, exercício, aptidão física, músculo esquelético, mialgia.
References
Bosch X, Poch E, Grau JM. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2009;36(1):62-72.
Scalco RS, Gardiner AR, Pitceathly RD, Zanoteli E, Becker J, Holton JL et al. Rhabdomyolysis: a genetic perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis [Internet]. Orphanet Journal of Rare Disease 2015;10(1):51.
Panizo N, Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro-Villalobos JM, Egido J, Moreno JA. Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches to rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Kidney Blood Press Res 2015;40(5):520-32.
Pearcey GEP, Bradbury-Squires DJ, Power K, Behm DG, Button D. exertional rhabdomyolysis in acutely detrained athlete/exercise physiology professor. Clin J Sport Med 2013;23(6):496-82.
Lozowska D, Liewluck T, Quan D, Ringel SP. Exertional rhabdomyolysis associated with high intensity exercise. Muscle Nerve 2015;(12):1134-5.
ChlÃbková D, Knechtle B, Rosemann T, Tomášková I, Novotný J, Žákovská A et al. Rhabdomyolysis and exercise-associated hyponatremia in ultra-bikers and ultra-runners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015;12:29.
Kim J, Lee J, Kim S, Young H, Suk K. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis mechanisms and prevention: A literature review. J Sport Heal Sci 2015;(6):1-11.
Fidler E. Sickle cell trait: a review and recommendations for training. Strength Cond J 2012;34(3):28-32.
Milne CJ. Rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria and exercise. Sport Med An Int J Appl Med Sci Sport Exerc 1988;6(2):93-106.
Aparicio VA, Tassi M, Nebot E, Camiletti-Moiron D, Ortega E, Porres JM, et al. High-Intensity exercise may compromise renal morphology in rats. Int J Sport Med 2013;1-6.
Tibana RA, Almeida LM, Prestes J. Crossfit® riscos ou benefÃcios? O que sabemos até o momento? Rev Bras Ciênc Mov 2015;23(1):182-5.
Gagliano M, Corona D, Giuffrida G, Giaquinta A, Tallarita T, Zerbo D, et al. Low-intensity body building exercise induced rhabdomyolysis: a case report. Cases J 2009;2(1):7.
Defilippis EM, Kleiman DA, Derman PB, Difelice GS, Eachempati SR. Spinning-induced rhabdomyolysis and the risk of compartment syndrome and acute kidney injury: Two cases and a review of the literature. Sports Health 2014;6(4):333-5.
Siegel AJ. Pheidippides redux: reducing risk for acute cardiac events during marathon running. Am J Med 2012;125(7):630-5.
Moeckel-Cole SA, Clarkson PM. Rhabdomyolysis in a collegiate football player. J Strength Cond Res 2009;23(4):1055-9.
Chatzizisis YS, Misirli G, Hatzitolios AI, Giannoglou GD. The syndrome of rhabdomyolysis: Complications and treatment. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19(8):568-74.
Lee EH. Ca2+ channels and skeletal muscle diseases. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2010;103(1):35-43.
Smith MM, Sommer AJ, Starkoff BE, Devor ST. Crossfit-based high-intensity power training improves maximal aerobic fitness and body composition. J Strength Cond Res 2013;27(11):3159-72.
Knapik JJ. Extreme conditioning programs: potential benefits and potential risks. J Spec Oper Med 2015;l(15(3):108-13.
Sprey JWC, Ferreira T, Lima MV, Duarte A, Jorge PB, Santili C. An epidemiological profile of crossfit athletes in Brazil. Orthop J Sport Med. 2016;4(8):232596711666370.
Tibana RA, Almeida LM, Frade de Sousa NM, Nascimento DC, Neto IVS, Almeida JA, et al. Two consecutive days of crossfit training affects pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoprotegerin without impairments in muscle power. Front Physiol 2016;7(6):260.
Heavens KR, Szivak TK, Hooper DR, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Flanagan SD, et al. The effects of high intensity short rest resistance exercise onmuscle damagemarkers in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28(4):1041-9.
Meyer M, Sundaram S, Schafhalter-zoppoth I. Exertional and crossfit-induced rhabdomyolysis. Clin J Sport Med 2017;7(14):1-3.
Aynardi MC, Jones CM. Bilateral upper arm compartment syndrome after a vigorous cross-training workout. J Shoulder Elb Surg 2016;25(3):e65-7.
Larsen C, Jensen M. Rhabdomyolysis in a well-trained woman after unusually intense exercise. Ugeskr Laeger 2014;16(176(25).
Hadeed MJ, Kuehl KS, Elliot DL, Sleigh A. Exertional rhabdomyolysis after crossfit exercise program. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2011;43(5):224-5.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows the sharing of work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this magazine; Authors are authorized to assume additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publish in an institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase impact and citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
