Características funcionais e fisiológicas do destreinamento – respostas hormonais e cardiovasculares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v7i3.3617Abstract
Estudos têm demonstrado que o destreinamento causa reversões nas adaptações morfológicas e fisiológicas alcançadas com o treinamento. Em um período médio/longo percebem-se ainda reduções no VO2máx, além de um aumento na ventilação, quociente respiratório e utilização de glicogênio como fonte energética. Além disso, ocorrem aumentos na freqüência cardíaca e na pressão arterial de repouso. Paralelo às reduções no desempenho aeróbio, existe uma redução na atividade das enzimas oxidativas e expressão mitocondrial. Porém, algumas enzimas glicolíticas não são alteradas em indivíduos treinadosem endurance. Em indivíduos treinados em força ocorre uma elevação da relação testosterona x cortisol após o destreino, provavelmente pela tentativa de manutenção da massa muscular. Em atletas de endurance, os níveis de catecolaminas tendem a aumentar, provavelmente pela maior utilização de glicogênio como substrato.
Palavras-chave: adaptações ao destreinamento, exercício físico, inatividade, adaptações cardiovasculares e hormonais.
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