Risk behaviors for relative energy deficiency in sport in young high performance Brazilian rhythmic gymnasts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v20i6.4943Keywords:
relative energy deficiency in sport; feeding behavior; gymnastic; adolescentAbstract
Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics is an aesthetic sport, whose rules encourage long line and lean biotype, exposing gymnasts to the risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Objective: To analyze risk behaviors for RED-S in high-performance Brazilian gymnasts from pre-infant, infant and juvenile categories, with national and international prominence. Methods: 36 Brazilian athletes (10 pre-infant, 9 infant and 17 juveniles) were evaluated for body composition, sexual maturation and risk of eating disorders. The investigation of training volume, menstrual cycles, monitoring of bone mineral density and laboratory tests, occurrence of stress fracture, specialized nutritional monitoring and consumption of food supplements, was carried out through a questionnaire adapted by Ackerman. Results: The gymnasts had a weekly training volume of 27.32 hours, % of fat mass of 12.1 ± 2.8, with infant having the lowest adiposity. As for sexual maturation, 66.1% were in the pubescent phase, and no athlete reached the post-pubescent phase. The frequency of risk of eating disorders was 55.6%, being the most affected juveniles (70.6%). Only 47.1% of the juveniles had menarche. Only 36.1% have access to a sports nutritionist, while 16.7% evaluated bone mineral density at least once in their career, and 52.8% regularly perform laboratory tests. Stress fracture was reported by 22.2% of the gymnasts, 44.4% in the juveniles. Food supplementation was found in 36.1% of the gymnasts, especially vitamins C and D, and proteins. Conclusion: Risk behaviors were found for RED-S in young Brazilian rhythmic gymnasts with high performance, with emphasis for eating disorders, especially in the juvenile category.
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