Efeitos do exercício em indivíduos com doenças renais crônicas: um mapa de evidências
Revisão - número e225384 - publicado 20 de junho de 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v22i1.5384Palabras clave:
nefropatias, exercício físico, prática clínica baseada em evidências, revisão sistemáticaResumen
Introdução: A despeito do comprometimento da capacidade funcional e redução de qualidade de vida, pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) são extremamente inativos. Sendo assim, o exercício apresenta papel essencial no manejo da doença e tem sido fortemente recomendado, independentemente da severidade da doença. Mapear as principais evidências sobre a temática oportuniza a prática baseada em evidências. Objetivo: Sumarizar os efeitos de intervenções baseadas em exercícios físicos em pacientes com DRC a partir da elaboração de um mapa de evidências. Métodos: Após busca abrangente nas bases de dados, os estudos elegíveis foram analisados por duas revisoras. Os dados foram extraídos e plotados em uma matriz associando intervenções e desfechos. A síntese narrativa incluiu somente os achados relativos aos estudos de revisão publicados nos últimos cinco anos. O nível de confiança foi avaliado conforme recomendado. Resultados: Ao todo, 75 estudos de revisão publicados entre 2005 e 2022 foram incluídos no mapa, porém apenas 50 foram descritos na síntese narrativa. Encontramos 179 associações, principalmente positivas, a partir da análise da plotagem de 20 intervenções categorizadas em sete grupos e 27 desfechos em 13 grupos. Não foram reportados efeitos negativos, potencialmente negativos ou adversos, sugerindo que a prática de exercício é segura para pacientes com DRC. Conclusão: As evidências mapeadas apresentam, em sua maioria, alto nível de confiança, corroborando o papel da prescrição do exercício para pacientes com DRC como intervenção segura e com efeitos majoritariamente positivos para múltiplos desfechos, com destaque para aptidão física, desfechos clínicos, e qualidade de vida e bem-estar.
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